Capturing Ladies’s Work Via Time Use Surveys: Implications for Coverage

Capturing Ladies’s Work Via Time Use Surveys: Implications for Coverage

Dr. Ellina Samantroy, Fellow at VV Giri Nationwide Labour Institute, joined us for our seminar sequence on April twenty second, 2024 to debate “Capturing Ladies’s Work Via Time Use Surveys and Additional Implications for Coverage Making. Dr. Samantroy laid the context by highlighting two alarming points: the gender hole between women and men and the low participation of ladies within the job market. That is substantiated once we take a look at the figures in 2023, the place 48.7% of ladies participated within the labor market as in comparison with 73% of males.

Ladies’s work participation was repeatedly lowering since 2004-05 after which it began rising after 2017-18. This improve could be attributed to the elevated proportion of the self-employed workforce. The query now stays understanding the focus of self-employed workforce throughout occupations and sectors. This may be clearly recognized by utilizing TUS (Time Use Survey) information.

Highlights from Dr. Samantroy’s seminar are shared beneath:

Background of TUS:

TUS is a quantitative abstract of how people allocate their time over a specified time period- usually over 24 hours in a day or over the 7 days of per week on totally different actions and the way a lot time they spend on every of those actions. Additional, it diversifies actions into three classes: SNA actions (actions that fall inside the manufacturing boundary of the UN System of Nationwide Accounts), non-SNA actions (actions which aren’t included in nationwide accounts however are coated below the Normal Manufacturing boundary and embrace delegable manufacturing of providers) and private providers (non-delegable providers eg. sleeping, watching TV, and many others.). TUS sheds mild on the particular actions the people within the reference inhabitants are engaged in. It additionally talks concerning the time spent on doing sure actions like, common variety of hours in a day spent on travelling and unpaid home work amongst different actions.

Shift from NSSO to TUS:

1. Ladies’s work has not been documented successfully in NSSO surveys because it supplies generalized solutions, not delving deeply into sure probing questions. NSSO information doesn’t present solutions for restricted girls’s participation based mostly on geographical location. Additionally, there’s a lack of occupational segregation within the survey.
2. TUS focuses on capturing unpaid home exercise and different non-market actions.
3. Moreover it supplies data on a number of and simultaneous actions and another insights utilizing context variables. These variables take a look at particulars of the exercise, particularly trying into the placement, presence of different folks when the exercise occurred, beneficiary notion, and financial motivation behind the exercise.
4. TUS offers visibility to the care financial system, captures time stress, and improves workforce estimates together with throwing mild on the scattered and sporadic nature of casual work. It helps in understanding the share of time spent on unpaid home and care work by intercourse, age group, caste, non secular group, and placement smart.

Highlights from Nationwide TUS 2019:

They’ve coded 9 actions below TUS.

1. Participation charges of ladies employees in unpaid home providers for family members are 94.5% and 87.9% in rural and concrete areas respectively. In comparison with males employees, participation charges are 33.7% and 24.6% in rural and concrete areas respectively.
2. The common time spent by girls employees on unpaid home providers for family members are 4.1 hours and three.6 hours in rural and concrete areas respectively. Alternatively, the common time spent by male employees on unpaid home providers for family members are 1.6 hours and 1.5 hours in rural and concrete areas respectively.
3. Beneath the unpaid home providers, girls are concerned in care and upkeep of textiles, footwear, meals and meals preparation and cleansing and upkeep of environment throughout each rural and concrete areas.
4. The common time spent by girls in unpaid home work is round 2.5 hours, primarily in meals and meal preparation. Digging deep into unpaid caregiving providers, round 20-23% of ladies are engaged in childcare and instruction throughout rural and concrete areas. Moreover, the common time spent on unpaid caregiving providers, particularly in childcare and instruction is round 1.7 hours throughout each rural and concrete areas for ladies.

Limitations of TUS:

1. Insufficient capturing of casual work
2. Lack of harmonization with worldwide classification
3. Methodological limitations
4. Too costly

Suggestions:

1. Addressing self-employment by means of TUS
2. Addressing the issues of marginalized communities throughout geographical areas
3. Capability constructing of stakeholders
4. Mainstreaming TUS
5. Want for revisiting and sharpening the usage of context variables

If you want to see the presentation, please go to the hyperlink right here.

Incase you missed the web seminar, chances are you’ll view it right here.

The put up Capturing Ladies’s Work Via Time Use Surveys: Implications for Coverage first appeared on IWWAGE-Institute for What Works to Advance Gender Equality.